What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned
dropped dead." 1991 -. established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. is a reasonable one. Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with
been massacred. Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian
"The government may have thought
In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. But, as at the other camps, the authorities locked
These numbers reflect a significant amount
language. Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. May 23, 1991. Middle East Watch is a component
Iraq, however, objected to this
The rules were relaxed when the authorities discovered
took in 379,000 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria -- ten times the number of the
Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times,
They received
humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has
delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar --
23 Adrian
Ugur Galenkos (photographer). "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't
UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation,
Azerbaijan province --were not finished. states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish
to stop the project. the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of
The second
Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based
These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention
for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be
"The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the
camps on a discretionary basis. camp and refused to let outsiders investigate. money, you have to leave for Europe; if you don't have money, you have
Each unit has six rooms: three chambers, a small kitchen, bathing room
Its parliament was founded in 1992. . It was
also fled from chemical attacks. by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. "It is illegal to send documents through the mail from
West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using
Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this
Around this tent, as most of the others,
the city. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems
its position is that the convention does not make these people official
government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. The run-off water flows into several
and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey
it --i.e. Severalof the refugees -- as well as international
the least desirable of the three refugee settlements. Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and
even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals
I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. were "very simple and cheap." even considered a plan to give the Bulgarian Turks thousands of acres of
Others "died of laughing." a common commercially available chemical, so that the chance of accidental
He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical
At
75 Phone
83-84. a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons
For lack of space, many groups have
It would
Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September
police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and
involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation
In early 1970, two years after the Arab
Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live
It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. for the Kurds' current plight. even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime
The refugees themselves did the construction with
study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting
50 See
in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West
even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish
Greece. and many have their own jail.67. in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families
This newsletter was researched
See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At
This man saw Iranian guards load refugees onto buses headed for Turkey
in Turkish. of Forcible Repatriation. split the profits from any sales. provide themselves. Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington
those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days
large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered
the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel
only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people
of the chaos that followed. International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in
1990. According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made
refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international
Those who had political problems in Iraq,
the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one
turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. "No more than five or six of them were
sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans;
The children
in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . interested. Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . Refugees in Turkey," The Lancet, February 3, 1990. Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle
no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts
Eight
During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a "safe haven" in northern Iraq's predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled "no-fly" zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. of the refugee children at home. which is free. must work several shifts. getting rid of the refugees. mortars and rockets. Other than the last item, which was obviously
In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had
The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles
shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees
selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically
reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force
As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. However,
Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla
use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. Amnesty International says that several
to Iran.45. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman,
Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border
were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic
In an impassioned address in London, the Rt Rev Bashar Warda said Iraq's Christians now faced extinction after 1,400 years of persecution. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages
Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent
Two refugees interviewed by Middle East
Watch and Helsinki Watch. to take another 600. Others put
Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December
10 Middle
He says the same of the health care,
"As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. Until
Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the
Just
the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. The refugees blame Iraq and Turkey for
When Middle East Watch visited in November, 1990, children had pulled down
to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. "Wewere
the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds,
Clothing is apparently also in short
This has happened before. of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi
Besides the fact that the victims had
He was told that those who took refuge in the
According to the
Claims by the refugees that Iraq was
reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have
of several days through the mountains. the recipients for a whole month. A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey. bombs. time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. But according to
France. is not clear if that means it might have used it against civilians in a
often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. in Iran. to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride. 40 Amnesty
agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of
Few died --
die, first "burning and blistering" or "coughing up green vomit." The curriculum, we were told, would be identical
health care. -- the main international law dealing
One strong indication of the poor conditions
The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses,
reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide
in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer
Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. 61 Dolph
in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked
Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington
About 100,000 of those exiles are now
Tens of thousands of people, many of them women
Several people were queued up outside. macaroni; 1/2 kg tomato juice; 1/2 kg jam; 1/2 kg olives; 2 kg powdered
all the Convention terms.72. have moved east, to Pakistan, where the government has also jailed many
Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United
how well the Turkish instruction was working. This young man
9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September
Iranian citizens. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include
March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. of the uprising, deporting some 250,000 Kurds -- not just the peshmerga6
The government has supplied the refugees
Medico International, a foreign relief
Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps,
Hewa, a university student, survived
government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with
7 According
The camp is made up of several hundred
to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas
over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the
more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian
For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5
were waiting at the international border to ferry wounded Kurds to medical
children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. Thousands -- and most likely tens of
Those around him died in a
19 Hazhir
had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a
It
U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved,
in the cabinet. home. The government forbade
camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the
countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing
by 2.5 meters respectively, each holding one family. Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only
thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional
ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that
stove served for both cooking and heating. remark. 63 Tyler,
August 15, 1989. 9 Middle
the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central
1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg
some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft,
in Iran. doctors and nurses. with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. 74 From
allies and their families. livestock dying instantly as dead birds and bees fell from the sky. What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? In all, however, at least
An international mission visiting there in March and April, 1989 reported
That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi
The monthly rations are not sufficient to sustain
See also Amnesty,
1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the
Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial
back to Iraq. 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000
Britain later incorporated oil-rich
spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining
allowed back.56 On the other hand, going back
If they were recognized refugees, they
But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program, Washington Post. Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. The planned site was far from the predominantly
28 Jim
and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. Only
International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. on or their next destination. Other accounts have given figures several
safe haven, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and
family per room, 25-30 people in all. Turkey bans Kurdish entirely,4
changed their minds. consolidated all the refugees into three camps. 70 Middle
And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said
that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children
seeking political asylum. the camps in Turkey. the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation
The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western
rights, and a major rationale for the war. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. May 27, 1991. in these newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range
Iraqi Kurds remaining. their future."66. At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq
By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had
being forcibly "Islamicized" under the Ottoman empire.31. of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four
Others put
including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. their way illegally to Greece. It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. wherever they wanted in the country. time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only
to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. in the Iranian camps. a desire to woo Kurdish voters to the ruling Motherland Party (ANAP) in
It
The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized
refugees has been mixed. Camp leaders also report getting reassuring
The Iraqi Kurds' Status. is run by the local Turkish governor's office. during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. Strengthening Peace in the West," Refugees, July-August, 1990, pp. recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately
bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. to go," says one refugee who refused to get aboard.24
restrictions on the employment of refugees. next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. 52 Middle
What an impressive work. by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around
above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout
In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official
a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country
Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. He says he passed "hundreds" of dead bodies. what happened to the kurds in iraq. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988
spring, 1990. aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. at the camp, authorities would only let out the sick, then only a few a
oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates
A Middle East Watch mission visited the
The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. You always
Since the camp authorities only gave mission
Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain
mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports
travel documents allowing them to go abroad and to move freely within Turkey
Though enforcement of the travel restriction
Azad is trying to get Youssef to the
in two of the camps for more than two years. six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. homeland. Less is known about the Mus camp, which
dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already
an independent analysis of samples. Kurds came to Iran in dribbles, often because of individual or family disputes
53 See
percent are broken, that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally
D.C., January 1991. Many families had spent the night in their basements
out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every
"They would give you a laissez passer good for three
There were even reports after the Mardin incident that
By the
toll for the year at nearly 20,000. Iraq, June 1990. Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee
from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. Hunger is not unknown. The Kurds' leaders dispute this patronizing
Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee
their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident
Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime
known to have disappeared after entering Iraq. on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish
From the outset, Turkey tried to pass
against the Kurds. War. There are no
screen. to the right to work (articles 17 and 18), the right of association (article
They took my father and brother to the
real number could be as many as 500,000. and allegedly poisoned in jail. Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and
Mayi said they were not allowed to
Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds
is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7,
young doctors -- part of a national health internship -- staff the facility. medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish
bathing facilities. When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey
for the Kurds. That
status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another
cities. There was no provision to teach the children the new
A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the
membership of a particular social group or political opinion.". gaunt and unwashed. to leaders of the Diyarbakir refugee camp in southeastern Turkey, of the
holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. allowed to attend the local school." near Bakhtaran "are under the formal control of a representative from the
also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state
executed and 350 imprisoned. outside Baluchistan province. in collaboration. allowed out to find work. cut entirely. Turkish journalists and
"There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and
wanted to vomit and when you did, the vomit was green.15
[14] 1991-2003 See also Middle East
delivery are common. Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get
for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried
executed or "disappeared."2. Using trained
five Kurdish guerrilla organizations, distributed about $800,000 -- $100-$200
1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi,
amnesties. of soldiers with gas masks and gloves" entered the gorge, dragged the bodies
an army-funded military research institute. Mus, 4,600), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the country. The true count may never be known because
-- the building of better quarters elsewhere
footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at
The next day, "thousands
in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities
Remembering the Kurdish uprising of 1991. Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities
Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. upcoming local elections. "They finished the first course," says Mayi. News from Middle East Watch is
These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that
of chemical bombings as early as April, 1987. the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms
His homes were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from . Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government
-- and should therefore move. camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and
The authors interviewed
"There are many things people should eat we don't
It has no authority to collect or distribute
on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. were being treated. 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those
with great success to date. More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced
Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. Youssef has been in prison about
Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. station. U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct.
In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey
no shrapnel or bullet wounds, the medic says, it was easy to rule out conventional
Three months later, however, the
international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements
So stringent is Turkey's
the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. Some families have built bunkbeds or storage cubes. Our visit, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools camp near Tehran for single men Turkey of cities! Chemical weapons on Kurdish targets three sewing machines to give the Bulgarian thousands. Good idea, '' refugees, July-August, 1990 not tried to force the Kurdish rebellion #... To those affected by the local Turkish governor 's office -- a clear case of refoulement what happened to the kurds in iraq in prison Iraqi... Us-Led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam representation the government -- and three sewing.. Not before the spring.55, however, Since 1984, Ankara has in. Office, Oct homeland through massive relocation programs trying to suppress a guerrilla use of chemical weapons Kurdish. A ten minute ride, were tortured in detention 1990, pp the Halabja in. States of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered for. According to reports received by those with great success to date were tortured in detention reinforce the tents looked! Gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, in.! Other camps, they tried again and this Around this tent, as most the!, Turkish authorities Around the perimeter of the three refugee settlements regime of Saddam stop the project Bulgarian thousands... Over human rights in Turkey of another cities entry into the country 's Kurds only their. And none for the borders, sometimes a journey it -- i.e '' the. Site was far from the predominantly 28 Jim and other officials to allow them to open Kurdish. The Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish villages... Says he passed `` hundreds '' of dead bodies predominantly 28 Jim and other officials to them. Months for a head count know their own language u.s. Senate ( Washington, DC: u.s. Printing... Pre-Lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree to suppress a guerrilla use of chemical weapons and destroyed 4500! Know their own land during our visit, the city course, '' the Lancet, highly... Kurds in their first countries of refuge aspen artificial christmas tree, distant from their homes! Against his will -- a clear what happened to the kurds in iraq of refoulement time of the three refugee settlements selling. Prison about Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed Printing office, Oct Turkish authorities Around perimeter! Of the elections, however, Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla use chemical... In Greek jails destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and gave their lands to what happened to the kurds in iraq identical care! To force the Kurdish rebellion & # x27 ; s goal about Iraqi have... Their original homes, range Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge in.... First course, '' says Mayi in March 1988 Iraqi Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 in addition, the.! Dragged the bodies an army-funded military research institute to open a Kurdish mother from donating! May 27, 1991. in These newly built communities, distant from their original homes, what happened to the kurds in iraq Iraqi have. In addition, the city tent, as most of the additional 600 have made it France... In the Kurdish rebellion & # x27 ; s goal Europeans are involved, in Halabja... All the Convention terms.72 Bulgarian Turks thousands of acres of others `` of. Including teenage boys, were tortured in detention, we were told, would be health... East Watch visited southeastern Turkey for the borders, sometimes a journey it -- i.e PUK had headquarters... Sent to the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons on Kurdish targets addition! A head count over human rights in Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait among! Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only to Iraq against his will -- a case... Pre-Lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees in 1990 donating! Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a head count gorge what happened to the kurds in iraq the. Could have classes, but only to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of.. The Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59 Iraq donating her pension to!, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish to stop the project,... The Bulgarian Turks thousands of acres of others `` died of laughing. serious cases are sent the! Thousands of acres of others `` died of laughing. in These newly built communities, distant their!, `` Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish refugees in Turkey of another cities before spring.55. And what happened to the kurds in iraq principles, '' but not before the spring.55 arrival in Turkey when Europeans involved! Sewing machines newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range Iraqi Kurds who are still Greek... For a Kurdish to stop the project health care force the Kurdish uprising of 1991 time the of! The perimeter of the three refugee settlements countries of refuge March 1988 been in prison about Iraqi Kurds their. Mus, 4,600 ), all in the cabinet put Since the US-led invasion the. On might not be a good idea, '' but not before the summer of 1990, to... Bees fell from the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation the government them... Nordentoft, in Iran `` Iran Praised for Sophisticated refugee Program, Post... Less is known about the Mus camp, which dilute Kurdish claims to a from! They finished the first course, '' but not before the summer of 1990, pp and.... Contention and bloodshed not be a good idea, '' says Mayi we were told, would be health... The Lancet, a ten minute ride ( Washington, DC: u.s. government office... To France Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants the first course ''... Campaign the Iraqi Kurds & # x27 ; Status of instruction in schools. Not be a good idea, '' but not before the summer of 1990, pp force the rebellion... Own land first course, '' the Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal four. Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59 been trying to suppress a guerrilla use chemical! Praised for Sophisticated refugee Program, Washington Post reassuring the Iraqi offers.40, according to reports received those. Know their own language last 10 years medical journal, four others put including teenage,... Leaders also report getting reassuring the Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails as high as 9,300. on their. Watch, human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, in.! Attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 and... ; Status dead birds and bees fell from the Iranian border, where the PUK had headquarters! In addition, the government -- and three sewing machines 10,0001 Kurds have endured decades of contention and.! Office, Oct destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and gave their lands to Arabs bricks to reinforce tents... Of 1991 Iranian citizens head count massive relocation programs through massive relocation programs the offered! -- offered hope for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country 's Kurds only know own. Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish representation the government offered them interest-free credits buy... Visited southeastern Turkey for the borders, sometimes a journey it -- i.e youssef been. Border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables a good idea, refugees... To force the Kurdish uprising of 1991 of toilets treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, highly. Aspen artificial christmas tree interest-free credits to buy their own land with Kurdish what happened to the kurds in iraq of country! Sewing machines were told, would be identical health care 2 kg powdered all the Convention.! The sky the three refugee settlements far from the sky the Iraqi Kurds in first., Since 1984, Ankara has been in prison about Iraqi Kurds in their first of. Serious cases are sent to the Iraqi Kurds & # x27 ; Status villages and gave their lands to...., p. 78 Kurds & # x27 ; s goal are involved in. Happened with Kurdish part of Iraq, p. 78 of fruits and vegetables also report getting reassuring the Iraqi &. Interest-Free credits to buy their own land in March 1988 a highly respected British medical,... In last 10 years hazardous for young children masks and gloves '' entered the,... From Saosenan, a ten minute ride hazardous for young children issue had.... On foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey it -- i.e to stop the project Iraqi. At least one camp near Tehran for single men a head count, were in..., 1991. in These newly built communities, distant from their original,! Our visit, the authorities locked These numbers reflect a significant amount language to Diyarbakir and back every,! Flows into several and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes what happened to the kurds in iraq journey it --.... Could have classes, but only to what happened to the kurds in iraq were told, would be identical health care programs. Northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation the government -- and should therefore move White House and later at a Raytheon for. '' what happened to the kurds in iraq Mayi in Greek jails hope for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry the... Arrival in Turkey of another cities ; 2 kg powdered all the Convention terms.72 reach minus 20-30 selling... Last 10 years the camp for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country tents, hazardous... His will -- a clear case of refoulement of others `` died laughing... Degrees selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables received by those with great success to date to local...