science, the endless frontier citation

The history of medical science teaches clearly the supreme importance of affording the prepared mind complete freedom for the exercise of initiative. Government initiative, support, and coordination can be very effective in this development phase. ScienceThe Endless Frontier, and the Next 75 Years in Science With Robbert Dijkgraaf 2020 marked the 75th anniversary of the publication of Vannevar Bush's seminal report "ScienceThe Endless Frontier," which created a blueprint for U.S. scientific research in the post-World War II era. Therefore a professional partnership between the officers in the Services and civilian scientists is needed. Download PDF Download All Download JPEG 2000 Download Text. Today, advances in public health, shared prosperity, and scientific understanding are more important than ever. Citations (33) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content . - 1. The development of the. - In order to insure that men of great competence and experience may be designated as Members of the Foundation and as members of the several professional Divisions, the legislation creating the Foundation should contain specific authorization so that the Members of the Foundation and the Members of the Divisions may also engage in private and gainful employment, notwithstanding the provisions of any other laws: provided, however, that no compensation for such employment is received in any form from any profit-making institution which receives funds under contract, or otherwise, from the Division or Divisions of the Foundation with which the individual is concerned. Discovery of new therapeutic agents and methods usually results from basic studies in medicine and the underlying sciences. The procedures currently followed within the Government for recruiting, classifying and compensating such personnel place the Government under a severe handicap in competing with industry and the universities for first-class scientific talent. (2010). Our ability to overcome possible future enemies depends upon scientific advances which will proceed more rapidly with diffusion of knowledge than under a policy of continued restriction of knowledge now in our possession. "David Kaiser, author of Quantum Legacies: Dispatches from an Uncertain World, "Rush Holt introduces Science, the Endless Frontier to a whole new audience, and shows us why we all should be reading Vannevar Bushs landmark report. It is recommended that measures which will encourage and facilitate the preparation and publication of reports be adopted forthwith by all agencies, governmental and private, possessing scientific information released from security control. In recent decades, Chinese researchers have become preeminent contributors to the scientific enterprise, as reflected by the number of publications originating from Chinese research institutions. To promote the dissemination of scientific and technical information and to further its international exchange. At their best they provide the scientific worker with a strong sense of solidarity and security, as well as a substantial degree of personal intellectual freedom. Approximately the scale of allowances provided for under the educational program for returning veterans has been used in estimating the cost of this program. Although these frontiers have more or less disappeared, the frontier of science remains. Policy for the Endless Frontier: "Origins and Ambitions of the CHIPS and Science Act". The number of independent agencies should be kept to a minimum. Using the citation data from 45 million manuscripts and 3.9 million patents, the researchers calculated a measure of disruptiveness, called the 'CD index', in which values ranged from -1 for the least . These principles are as follows: (1) Whatever the extent of support may be, there must be stability of funds over a period of years so that long-range programs may be undertaken. Even if it be shown subsequently that he has not what it takes to go to the top, he will go further than he would otherwise go if there had been a ceiling beyond which he always knew he could not aspire. They will be of aid in furnishing detailed suggestions. The 1945 document, officially attributed to engineer Vannevar (rhymes with Beaver) Bush, urged President Harry Truman to convert the momentum of the World War II-era Office of Scientific Research and . It can be effective in the national welfare only as a member of a team, whether the conditions be peace or war. Science, by itself, provides no panacea for individual, social, and economic ills. This is the American way: a man works for what he gets.". There should be a focal point within the Government for a concerted program of assisting scientific research conducted outside of Government. During the nineteenth century the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Naval Observatory, the Department of Agriculture, and the Geological Survey were established. History. Expenditures for scientific research by industry and Government -- almost entirely applied research -- have more than doubled between 1930 and 1940. Such expansion should be directed to fields of inquiry and service which are of public importance and are not adequately carried on by private organizations. The form is important. THE WAR AGAINST DISEASE They stimulate new invention and they make it possible for new industries to be built around new devices or new processes. The event was held in partnership with The Kavli Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to mark the 75th anniversary of the publication of Vannevar Bush's seminal report Science, the Endless Frontier, which created . In order, however, to secure the part-time services of the most competent men as Members of the Foundation and the Divisions, these stringent prohibitions should be relaxed to the extent indicated. The possibility of an endless frontier is a consequence of an idea known as emergence. Reflecting on the reports legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the publics ability to cope with todays issuessuch as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern societyrequires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. 2. "Daniel J. Kevles, author of The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character, "During his productive time in Congress and afterward, Rush Holt has been a champion of scientific research and the integration of science into policymaking. . We have been directing the energies of our scientists to the development of weapons and materials and methods, on a large number of relatively narrow projects initiated and controlled by the Office of Scientific Research and Development and other Government agencies. The recommendations in this report which relate to research within the Government, to the release of scientific information, to clarification of the tax laws, and to the recovery and development of our scientific talent now in uniform can be implemented by action within the existing structure of the Government. Alert. Holts bold, incisive reframing of this classic text illuminates how science is embedded in, and of import to, sociopolitical concerns. There are no standing committees of the Congress devoted to this important subject. For many years the Government has wisely supported research in the agricultural colleges and the benefits have been great. There must be a stream of new scientific knowledge to turn the wheels of private and public enterprise. The Endless Frontier Act was initially presented Senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and Todd Young (R-IN) by Under . but the present pattern is firmly established and there is much to be said for it. I believe that, as a permanent measure, it would be appropriate to add to the agency needed to perform the other functions recommended in this report the responsibilities for civilian-initiated and civilian-controlled military research. A broad dissemination of scientific information upon which further advances can readily be made furnishes a sounder foundation for our national security than a policy of restriction which would impede our own progress although imposed in the hope that possible enemies would not catch up with us. New manufacturing industries can be started and many older industries greatly strengthened and expanded if we continue to study nature's laws and apply new knowledge to practical purposes. In discharging these responsibilities Federal funds should be made available. Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government's responsibility to support scientific endeavors. 20 as a Businessmen would thus be able to make more use of research than they now do. - Studies by the several committees provide a partial basis for making an estimate of the order of magnitude of the funds required to implement the proposed program. 13 13. We submit, however, that the nation's need for more and better scientific research is such that the risk must be accepted. The Federal Government should accept new responsibilities for promoting the creation of new scientific knowledge and the development of scientific talent in our youth. Science, the endless frontier; a report to the President on a program for postwar scientific research. The Government can accomplish significant results in several ways: by aiding in the arrangement of international science congresses, in the official accrediting of American scientists to such gatherings, in the official reception of foreign scientists of standing in this country, in making possible a rapid flow of technical information, including translation service, and possibly in the provision of international fellowships. Research Impact Series:Understanding Research Metrics. COUPON: RENT Science, the Endless Frontier 1st edition by Bush eBook (9780691201658) and save up to 80% on online textbooks at Chegg.com now! For many years the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics has supplemented the work of the Army and Navy by conducting basic research on the problems of flight. Citation Type. * * * There is never enough ability at high levels to satisfy all the needs of the nation; we would not seek to draw into science any more of it than science's proportionate share.". Steps should be taken to reduce that handicap. Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government's responsibility to support scientific endeavors. Only in the creation of one over-all mechanism rather than several does this report depart from the specific recommendations of the committees. 4 Citations. Uncertainties as to the attitude of the Bureau of Internal Revenue regarding the deduction of research and development expenses are a deterrent to research expenditure. It should, moreover, have sufficient recognition to secure prompt and practical decisions. We will update our FAQ page when it becomes available. Science Education 1944 October 28:231-38 28: 282-88; December 1944. . Bringing us from 1945 to the present, Holt demonstrates that the American people need science now more than ever. More elaborate and expensive equipment is required, supplies are more costly, and the wages of assistants are higher. To encourage and enable a larger number of young men and women of ability to take up science as a career, and in order gradually to reduce the deficit of trained scientific personnel, it is recommended that provision be made for a reasonable number of (a) undergraduate scholarships and graduate fellowships and (b) fellowships for advanced training and fundamental research. The abuses should be corrected. But to achieve these objectives -- to secure a high level of employment, to maintain a position of world leadership -- the flow of new scientific knowledge must be both continuous and substantial. Science and the great practical genius of this nation made this achievement possible. Cardiovascular disease, including chronic disease of the kidneys, arteriosclerosis, and cerebral hemorrhage, now account for 45 percent of the deaths in the United States. 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